Cultural Diversity to the Industry-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Examine about the Concept of Cultural Diversity and Role Played by it in Tourism and Hospitality Industry alongside the advantages of Cultural Diversity to the Industry. Answer: Presentation Decent variety is a significant perspective which must be dissected and executed in an association in a compelling way. It is vital for workers of the travel industry and cordiality industry to comprehend the job of decent variety the executives for communicating with different representatives and clients in a superior way. This report will examine the idea of social assorted variety and pretended by it in the travel industry and friendliness industry alongside the advantages of social decent variety to the business. Rebelliousness with the social decent variety can make an unfriendly effect on the exhibition of the business. Various moves can be made by the travel industry and neighborliness industry for embracing social assorted variety. Figure 1: Cultural decent variety Source: (Business in Rhyme, 2015 Chosen decent variety and significance of chose assorted variety in the travel industry and accommodation industry Social decent variety has been chosen as it is a significant perspective and is of incredible worry for the travel industry and neighborliness industry. Social decent variety can be comprehended as the whole of the various people having a place from various social foundation, age, sexual orientation, rank, shading, religion, training, incapacity and aptitudes. It is crucial for the workers of the travel industry and neighborliness industry to comprehend the various societies for offering better types of assistance to the clients and living up to their requirements and desires. Clients of the travel industry and neighborliness industry are from various societies and it is significant for the business to think about this perspective. The travel industry and friendliness industry has given a special chance to increasing a comprehension of the new social experience for the workers, sightseers and visitor (Pieters, 2014). Present day the travel industry and accommodation industry is manag ing the expanding globalization or exchange across fringes. Individuals are voyaging all around the globe which has expanded the requirement for the executives of social assorted variety in the travel industry and cordiality industry. The travel industry and neighborliness industry is working in a socially differing condition. In the travel industry and accommodation industry, it is imperative for an association to consider cross-culture conduct for improving the presentation and increasing an upper hand over the others. Organizations working in the travel industry and accommodation industry must consider and execute the board of social decent variety for developing at the worldwide level. Social perspectives go about as a hindrance between the association and clients and influence the presentation of the association in this industry (Green, et. al., 2015). At the point when associations are not thinking about social assorted variety, this will brings about monoculture association and limits the viewpoint of the association. Odds of development and achievement of the association in this industry rely upon the administration procedure of social assorted variety. In the travel industry and cordiality industry, clients or customers get pulled in towards the various societies of the better places (Bedi, 2016). Various people are from various societies and for upgrading the exhibition of each person there is a need to oversee social decent variety. Associations in this industry are contending at the universal level. The effect of social contrasts can be certain or negative on the presentation of the association. The executives of social assorted variety gives different chances to the associations working in this industry. These open doors incorporate solid representative base, solid client base, advancements, move of information seriousness and great administrations (Thitthongkam, 2013) Points of interest to the travel industry and neighborliness industry for receiving social assorted variety It is significant for each association to consider the idea of social assorted variety as it influences the odds of accomplishment and development. An association working in the travel industry and accommodation industry can increase different points of interest by receiving social decent variety. These advantages of embracing social decent variety for associations of this industry are talked about beneath: Worker fulfillment and inspiration: associations can embrace social decent variety which will help in treating and cooperating with the representatives in a superior way. This will guarantee that representatives are fulfilled and spurred. For instance, Hyatt lodging is having probably the best working environment around the world. This has roused the representatives of (Hyatt, 2016). Solid representative base and client base: the board of social assorted variety assists with giving a superior situation and better administrations which help in creating solid worker base and client base. It additionally brings about decreasing the cost engaged with the enlistment procedure by creating compelling workforce (Dike, 2013). Building up a superior relationship with the workers and clients: applying measures for overseeing social decent variety will help in building up a sound connection between the administration and representatives and between the association and clients. This aides in producing trust and reliability among the representatives and clients. Improved client care: fulfilled workforce plays out the jobs and duties doled out to them in a compelling way. This aides in offering better quality types of assistance to the clients and results in improving the fulfillment level among the clients of the travel industry and friendliness industry. This helps the association of the travel industry and friendliness industry in creating brand picture (Korjala, 2012). Upper hand: the board of the social decent variety in powerful way brings about improving the intensity of the association. For instance, Marriott is giving assorted variety the executives preparing to its workers for increasing upper hand (Marriott, 2017). Advancements and move of information: multi-social workforce helps in sharing the encounters and information on one another among the workforce. This sharing of encounters and information brings about creating workers and improves developments and imagination. Contributes towards upgraded profitability: when representatives are filling in as a group and playing out the tasks by organizing with one another, at that point it brings about improving the exhibition of individual and in general efficiency (Australian Multicultural Foundation, 2010). Cost and results to the travel industry and accommodation industry for not bookkeeping social assorted variety Each association must embrace social decent variety for dealing with its worker base and pulling in clients. Inability to oversee social decent variety will bring about unfriendly effect on the presentation too development and achievement odds of the association. These outcomes to the travel industry and accommodation industry for not embracing social assorted variety are talked about underneath: Exhaustion in the nature of the administrations: universal associations of the business are confronting issues because of contrasts in the way of life of workers. These distinctions in the way of life of the workers influence the nature of the administrations advertised. Clashes among the workers: social contrasts among the representatives of the association increment the contentions between them. These contentions may emerge because of contrasts in the language, foundation, age, position, convention, religion, sexual orientation and other social viewpoints (Dike, 2013). High worker turnover rates: non-selection of the social assorted variety expands the odds of contentions among the representatives and influences the nature of the work environment. This outcomes in an expansion in the worker turnover rates and cost associated with the determination and enrollment procedure of the association. Diminishing fulfillment level among the representatives and clients: contrasts may emerge among the workforce of the association because of absence of help and coordination. This abatements the fulfillment level of the representatives and makes an effect on their exhibition. Exhausting nature of the administrations diminishes the fulfillment level of the clients (Thitthongkam, 2013). Diminishing efficiency: profitability and adequacy rely upon the nature of the workforce. For the administration of the nature of the workforce, it is imperative to embrace social assorted variety. Absence of legitimate correspondence: correspondence channel embraced by the association may get influenced due to the non-selection of the social decent variety at the working environment (Bedi, 2016). Activities taken by the travel industry and cordiality industry for embracing social decent variety at the working environment and in the tasks In the worldwide association of this industry, a workforce of the association is various and clients or visitors are from various social foundation. It is critical for the administration to build up legitimate measures for executing social decent variety for setting up a sound connection with the representatives and clients or visitors or guests. Social decent variety the board plan must be defined and received by the association (Gong, 2008). Preparing should be given to the workers to adapting to the social decent variety and playing out the jobs and duties as a group. Preparing to the workers will help in dispensing with the language contrasts and will advance solidarity and camaraderie among the representatives. Each association of the travel industry and accommodation industry must concentrate on the individual mentality and conduct, abilities and practices received by the chiefs and qualities and strategies embraced by the association. These three angles or components help in d eciding the way of life of the association and the board of the social decent variety in a compelling way (Patrick Kumar, 2012). Administrative abilities and practices should be applied for changing the conduct of the representatives towards social contrasts and advancing social decent variety at the work environment. Tutoring programs must be directed at the working environment. These tutoring programs

Checking in on New Years Resolutions... How Are Yours Going

Checking in on New Years Resolutions... How Are Yours Going If you didn’t write down your New Year’s Resolutions in January, or even if you did, you may have completely forgotten about them by now. I know that left to my own devices, I would be completely unreliable with regard to checking back on my promises from January. Thankfully, I have a blog and newsletterâ€"with an audienceâ€"to keep me accountable! As I look back at my resolutions for my business in 2013, I realize I have succeeded in fulfilling 2 out of 6 of them. Yikes! Let’s look at the hard facts: 1. Publish a Spanish-language version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. I engaged a consultant to look into the possibility of finding someone who wanted foreign rights to my e-book; no one was interested. This meant that if I were to publish a Spanish version of my book, I would have to do it myself. After considering the realities of the costs and effort involved in revising the book in Spanish as well as in English each time LinkedIn changes something in its platform, I determined that this project would not be a good use of time and resources. I did put a lot of thought into this decision however! 2. Publish a 50 Resume Tips book I’m pleased to announce that I will be publishing not one but TWO e-books on resumes within the next month: How to Write a WINNING Resume: 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target and How to Write a STELLAR Executive Resume: 50 Tips to Reach Your Job Search Target. Watch my newsletter for the official announcement about when the books will be available on Amazon! 3. Obtain a Master Resume Writer certification (CMRW) from Career Directors International. DONE as of March 2013! 4. Increase the college essay / personal statement portion of my business to 25% of total business. I have not found the key to increasing the number of personal statement clients I work with in a year. Admissions season is about to start, so I can’t be sure of the numbers for the year, but as of today admissions consulting represents less than 10% of The Essay Expert’s business (last year was a little more than 10%). If you have ideas of how to change that, please let me knowâ€"and please send clients if you know anyone in need of personal statement coaching! 5. Start a training for resume writers. This project never quite got off the ground. I was focused on publishing the resume writing e-books and will revisit the resume writer training once the books gain some traction. My vision is to use the books as a syllabus for training. If you know anyone who would be interested in being trained by me as a resume writer, please have them contact me at BrendaB@TheEssayExpert.com. Thank you! 6.  Create 213 success stories! As of this writing my list is not completely updated, but I have about 50 success stories to report. I’m definitely behind on this goal. Part of the challenge is that many people do not keep me as updated as I would like about their job search successes! If you’re reading this and you have received an interview or job after hiring The Essay Expert or following my advice, please report to me at BrendaB@TheEssayExpert.com. Thank you! That’s my report. How are you doing on your New Year’s resolutions? If there’s any way I can support you please let me know!

A Lethal Lust Emotion and Downfall in The Man Who Would Be King - Literature Essay Samples

Beauty is easy to find within the basics of human nature, such as elemental love or the innocent playfulness of children, untouched by the world’s nastier truths. However, primal instincts held within mankind are not always as elegant as one would hope, for lust, greed and the thirst for power are capable of driving one beyond their better judgement. These very emotions present themselves within Rudyard Kipling’s â€Å"The Man Who Would Be King† and bring the downfall of Daniel as his lack of insight blinds him from an indisputable reality. Though Daniel and his partner-in-crime Peachy successfully infiltrated the country of Kafiristan and built their statuses as gods, Daniel became lost in all of the glory. He, out of the two friends, became increasingly more enthusiastic to play out his role as the king. After a few months passed and he settled into his newfound position, he desired more than gold and glory; â€Å"The winter’s coming and these people won’t be giving much trouble, and if they do we can’t move about. I want a wife† (Kipling 105). In his eyes, the only thing that would make him more godly was to have a family and to raise a heir to his throne. Within this idea alone, many potential problems are present. The task of raising a family doesnt just happen overnight, he would have to stay in the country for many years. In this time the people would watch him grow older, something that no god has to to worry about. He is too busy in the now to think about these such things. Daniel is so entranced by this idea that he even shrugs off the warnings of quarrel within the people from Peachy, saying, â€Å"A row among my people! Not much, Peachy, you’re a fool not to get a wife too† (Kipling 108). Dan, attempting to push the idea onto his friend, couldnt see how getting himself a queen would be of any worry to his people. This merely represents the lack of knowledge the two had on the natives in the first place. Seeing that their entire presence in the country was improvised, they knew very little about the culture and societal norms within the country. They simply bit off more than they could chew. Being simple cons, Peachy Carnehan and Daniel Davarot were already on the road to disaster when they intruded on a people they knew very little about. As Daniels reign grew larger, with his god-complex growing right alongside it, he got too comfortable in his position. When he requested a wife, the country’s inhabitants became distraught. Peachy even received direct warning from Billy Fish, a priest who was loyal both to his people and the two gods; â€Å"I can’t rightly say, but if you can make the king drop all this nonsense about marriage you’ll be doing him and me and yourself a great service† (Kipling 107). Billy, knowing the rights and wrongs in the community, would have proved to be the needed insight for Daniel to continue his rule undisturbed. The priest even continued to caution that,â€Å"There are all sorts of Gods and Devils in these mountains, and now and again a girl marries one of them and isnt seen anymore† (Kipling 107). By this ti me, the reader easily sees the fear that a mortal-to-god marriage would evoke within the people of Kafiristan. Disregarding the warnings from friend and consultant, Daniel, blinded by his concupiscent urges, continues on with his plan. The ceremony was held, and the King, who was very eager to find himself a prince-maker, happily ignored all signs of resentment in the crowd. Even watching the anxious girl walk up to him, Daniel ignored the clear hints of a problem; â€Å"Up comes the girl, and a strapping wench she was, covered with silver and turquoises, but white as death, and looking back every minute at the priests† (Kipling 108). As this sort of arrangement is unheard of in Kafiristan, the girl is terrified of her future, which to her did not look very promising. Dan would be aware of this if he listened to the warnings from the priest, but alas, he had chosen a different fate for himself. As the girl got smothered by the god, she did what any damsel would do when faced with life or death; â€Å"‘The slut’s bitten me!’ says [Daniel], clapping his hand to his neck, and, sure enough, his hand was red with blood† (Kipling 108). Although it is bewildering that the two gods had man aged not to bleed at all for several months whilst they led the country, in front of the a whole village is not the ideal place to be whilst proving ones own mortality. This easily avoidable circumstance brings about the climax of the story, which is followed by a well-justifiable beheading and crucifixion. Daniel and Peachy may have successfully convinced a whole country that they were immortal, and managed to be very fruitful whilst doing so, but the addition of desire into the mix brought their progress to a screeching halt. Caught up in a whirlwind of domination and excitement, one’s desires can easily blind them to all logic. Daniels inability to resist his human urges proved to be quite a lethal lust indeed.

The Environmental Costs of Cotton

Whether we wear cotton shirts or sleep in cotton sheets, chances are that on any given day, we utilize cotton in some way. Yet few of us know how it is grown or its environmental impact. Where Is Cotton Grown? Cotton is a fiber grown on a plant of the Gossypium genus, which, once harvested, can be cleaned and spun into the fabric we know and love. Needing sunshine, abundant water, and relatively frost-free winters, cotton is grown in a surprising variety of locations with diverse climates, including  Australia, Argentina, West Africa, and Uzbekistan. However, the largest producers of cotton are China, India, and the United States. Both Asian countries produce the highest quantities, mostly for their domestic markets, and the U.S. is the largest exporter of cotton with about 10 million bales each year. In the United States, cotton production is mostly concentrated in an area called the Cotton Belt, stretching from the lower Mississippi River through an arc spanning the lowlands of Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Irrigation allows additional acreage in the Texas Panhandle, southern Arizona, and California’s San Joaquin Valley. Is Cotton Bad for the Environment? Knowing where cotton comes from is only half the story. At a time when the general population is moving toward greener practices, the bigger question asks about the environmental cost of growing cotton. Chemical Warfare Globally, 35 million hectares of cotton are under cultivation. To control the numerous pests feeding on the cotton plant,  farmers have long relied on the heavy application of insecticides, which leads to the pollution of surface and groundwater. In developing countries, half of the pesticides used in all of agriculture are put toward cotton. Recent advancements in technology, including the ability to modify the cotton plant’s genetic material, have made cotton toxic to some of its common pests. Though this has reduced the use of insecticides, it hasnt eliminated the need. Farmworkers, particularly where the labor is less mechanized, continue to be exposed to harmful chemicals. Competing weeds are another threat to cotton production. Generally, a combination of tilling practices and herbicides are used to knock back weeds. A large number of farmers have adopted genetically modified cotton seeds that include a gene protecting it from the herbicide glyphosate (the active ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup). That way, the fields can be sprayed with the herbicide when the plant is young, easily eliminating competition from weeds.  Naturally, glyphosate ends up in the environment, and our knowledge of its effects on soil health, aquatic life, and wildlife is far from complete. Another issue is the emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds. This is an especially important concern for those farmers interested in following no-till practices, which normally help preserve the soil structure and reduce erosion. If glyphosate resistance doesnt work for controlling weeds, soil-damaging tilling practices may need to resume. Synthetic Fertilizers Conventionally grown cotton requires the heavy use of synthetic fertilizers. Unfortunately, such concentrated application means that much of the fertilizers end up in waterways, creating one of the worst nutrient-pollution problems globally, upending aquatic communities and leading to dead zones starved of oxygen and devoid of aquatic life. In addition, synthetic fertilizers contribute an important quantity of greenhouse gases during their production and use. Heavy Irrigation In many regions, rainfall is insufficient to grow cotton. However, the deficit can be made up by irrigating the fields with water from wells or nearby rivers. Wherever it comes from, the water withdrawals can be so massive that they diminish river flows significantly and deplete groundwater. Two-thirds of India’s cotton production is irrigated with groundwater, so you can imagine the damaging ramifications. In the United States, western cotton farmers rely on irrigation as well. Obviously, one could question the appropriateness of growing a non-food crop in arid portions of California and Arizona during the current multi-year drought. In the Texas Panhandle, cotton fields are irrigated by pumping water from the Ogallala Aquifer. Spanning eight states from South Dakota to Texas, this vast underground sea of ancient water is being drained for agriculture far faster than it can recharge. In northwest Texas, Ogallala groundwater levels have dropped over 8 feet between 2004 and 2014. Perhaps the most dramatic overuse of irrigation water is visible in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, where the Aral Sea declined in surface area by 85%. Livelihoods, wildlife habitats, and fish populations have been decimated. To make matters worse the now-dry salt and pesticide residues are blown away from the former fields and lake bed, negatively impacting the health of the 4 million people who live downwind through an increase in miscarriages and malformations. Another negative consequence of heavy irrigation is soil salination. When fields are repeatedly flooded with irrigation water, salt becomes concentrated near the surface. Plants can no longer grow on these soils and agriculture has to be abandoned. The former cotton fields of Uzbekistan have seen this issue on a large scale. Are There Environmentally Friendly Alternatives for Cotton Growth? To grow cotton in a more environmentally friendly way, the first step must be to reduce the use of dangerous  pesticides. This can be achieved through different means. Integrated Pest Management (IPM), for example, is an established, effective method of fighting pests which results in a net reduction of pesticides used. According to the World Wildlife Fund, using IPM decreased pesticide use for some of India’s cotton farmers by 60–80%.  Genetically modified cotton can also help reduce pesticide application, but with many caveats. Growing cotton in a  sustainable manner  also means planting it where rainfall is sufficient, avoiding irrigation altogether. In areas with marginal irrigation needs, drip irrigation offers important water savings. Finally, organic farming takes into consideration all aspects of cotton production, leading to reduced environmental impacts and better health outcomes for both farmworkers and the surrounding community.  A well-recognized organic certification program helps consumers make smart choices and protects them from greenwashing. One such third-party certification organization is  the Global Organic Textile Standards. Sources World Wildlife Fund. 2013. Cleaner, Greener Cotton: Impacts and Better Management Practices.

Problem Answers on Criminal Procedure and Evidence Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1849 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Tags: Act Essay Criminal Law Essay Did you like this example? (i) In the rules of criminal procedure, a suspected person has no obligation to answer any questions because the burden of proof of a criminal case is at the prosecution side. Therefore Herman can exercise his right of silence which is protected under the Article 11(2)(g) of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap. 383) and refuse to answer any question raised by any police officer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Problem Answers on Criminal Procedure and Evidence Law" essay for you Create order However, if it is the truth that Herman was in Macau from 9th to 15th September and thus it can proof that he was not able to commit violence fight in Mongkok on 10th September, I should advise him to tell this fact with good and sensible explanation to the police for his best interest. However, before he telling this fact to the police, the police must caution him before that his answer to the questions of the police must be voluntary. (ii) The purposes of the identification parade (ID) are to test the quality of evidence and avoid mistaken identity. If the witness can identify a suspected person, it will be the most important evidence. Under Article 87 of the Hong Kong Basic Law and in the case R v Ip Lai Sheung [1988], a suspect does not have no obligation to take part in the identification parade arranged by the police and the court shall not make an inference of guilt from the fact that the suspect refused to take part, therefore Herman can object the ID. If Herman is willing to participate the ID, it should be conducted by senior police officer. During the ID, he will be arranged to line up with 7 to 8 persons with similar appearance, build, height, dress to Herman and the witness or victim will choose any position in line. To be fair to the suspect (Herman), no photos should be shown to the witness or victim and the legal representative of Herman can attend and can raise objection on the procedures during the procedure. After the ID, the record will be kept by the police. If the victim can choose one of the lineup and state he or she is the criminal, it will become a positive id. Even Herman can reject the procedure, the police may adopt other methods. For example, direct confrontation, photograph or dock identification, depends on the nature of the case and the decision of the police. Compared with ID and those alternative methods, Herman may need to sign out and those procedures may become much unfair, less protected and less reliable. Also, if it is the fact that he was not in Hong Kong during the time of the violence, there should be low chance for the witness or victim to identify him. Therefore, Herman should be advised to take part in the ID. (iii) If Herman is not given a police bail, I will advise him to apply the court bail under section 9(d) and 9(g) Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Cap. 221)(CPO) at the time of first appearance in magistrate court. The qualified right to the court bail are under Article 5(3) and 28 Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (BORO). Under section 9(d) CPO, the suspect can admit to bail at any time and the court may object the bail only justified on three special grounds under section 9(g)(1) CPO: the first one is abscond, the second one is the suspect commit an offence whilst on the bail and the third is that the suspect may interfere or the prevent the course of public justice. Under section 9(g)(2) CPO, when the court will mainly consider the likelihood of absconding of the defendant when there is an application of the bail. Also, they will consider the nature and seriousness of offence and probable penalty, the behaviour and conduct of the suspect, the background of the suspects, health, ph ysical and mental condition and age of the suspects, the history of the suspect and the character of the defendant. Herman may apply for a conditional court bail as he has no history of absconding and has a clear record, he works and lives with his family members in Hong Kong that shows he has a strong connection with Hong Kong and he denies the offence and shall challenge the evidence as he has proves that he was not not in Hong Kong during the time of offence. (iv) If Herman pleads not guilty in magistrateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s court, the following trial procedures will be made. The court will start the plea taken from Herman, then the prosecution side will give the opening speech and the prosecution will give evidence of the offence by calling witnesses, producing documents and exhibits and examine in chief. Then Herman will have the cross examination to the evidence and the prosecution will give the re-examination and the prosecution will close the trial. Herman can submit of no case to answer (R v Galbraith [1982]) if Herman thinks that or the prosecution side gives no evidence or weal evidence was discredited during the trial. If the court accept the submission, the case will be thrown out. However, if the court reject the submission, there is a prima facie case to answer for Herman. Herman can either choose to give the evidence or call witnesses or else he can exercise the right of silence. If Herman select to give evidence or call wi tnesses, Herman side will have the examination in chief and the prosecution side will have the cross examination and Herman will then have the re-examination and then case will be closed. Both the prosecution side and the defendant will finally give the closing speech the court will give out the verdict. (b)(i) Under section 3 Juvenile Offenders Ordinance (Cap. 226), a person who is under 10 is incapable of committing an offence and he has no doli incapax (Walters v Lunt [1951]). If the defendant is ager between 10 to 14, the prosecution may rebut the presumption of doli incapax, but has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant has both actus reus and mens rea and realise what he was doing was seriously wrong. As A is only 9 years old which is not the age range to rebut doli incapax and he is not liable for any offence and can raise infancy as the defence. (b)(ii) Under section 10 Theft Ordinance, robbery is the combination of force or threat of force and t he defendant had used force or puts a person into fear, that person need not be the victim in fear. The actus reus of robbery is that the defendant appropriate property which is belonging to another by use of actual or threatened force immediately before or at time of robbery and the mens rea of robbery is the defendant had intention to use force and dishonestly intended to take property with intention of permanent deprivation. In this case, B and C decided to rob the cashier of the supermarket. B pull out the gun and points at the cashier and steal money from the supermarket. A reasonable person should believe that his action will the cashier in fear at the time of robbery and therefore his act complies with the actus reus of robbery. To determine B is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dishonestlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to take the property, there is a two stage test held in R v Ghosh [1982]. The first stage is that to examine the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s act according to the standards of a reason able person and the second stage is to examine the defendant aware that his behaviour would be regarded as dishonest by ordinary persons. In this case, Bà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behaviour is no doubt that not a honest behaviour to a reasonable man and he should aware his behaviour should be dishonest. Furthermore, B shall take the money which stole from the bank for permanent. From the above of that, B also has the mens rea of the robbery. Therefore B should be liable for robbery because he has both the actus reus and mens rea of the offence. Although C did not have the actus reus that to make threat to the cashier and rob the money, under s89 CPO, he act as an secondary parties who assist B, the principal of the crime, to commit robbery and had a joint enterprise that made an agreement with B before the robbery (R v Powell and Daniels [1999]). Also, there is no doubt that C has the mens rea that he intended to aid B to commit robbery. Therefore, C is also liable to the robbery. To conclude, both B and C are liable for robbery. (b)(iii) In this case, it was clear that no joint plan to kill the security guard (X) as B and C ran in opposite direction and therefore only B involved the killing of X. In criminal law, there are two types of offence on unlawful killing which are murder and manslaughter. To commit an unlawful killing, there must be established a causation for the unlawful act of the defendant in law and on the facts by the but for test. In this case, although the death of X was he banged his head against the pavement and , the main cause of the death of X is because B shoot to X by the gun which is an unlawful act in law. Although X was found to have an abnormally thin skull afterward, here are no excuse for B to raise under the Thin Skull Rule therefore there is a legal causation established between the death of X and the act of B, so the killing of X by B is unlawful. To prove B commit murder, besides the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ac t was an unlawful killing, it must also prove that B has the intention to kill X. In R v Woollin [1998], the court held that the jury can draw the conclusion that the defendant has an intention to kill the victim or not. In this case, X was killed solely because X chase B after the robbery and there are no proves that B had plans or intention to kill X, there are no mens rea for the murder and therefore B was not committed murder. Although B will not be charged with murder, he may be charged with manslaughter. The basis of an involuntary manslaughter is the killing is an unlawful killing, also the killing is by gross negligence from breach of duty of care, by an unlawful and dangerous act or by recklessness. The killing of X by B is an unlawful killing as proved before, thus the key issue is to determine the act of B to X is unlawful and dangerous act which is an objective standard. The elements are that defendant has done an unlawful act intentionally and the act is dangerous to cause death. A sober and reasonable man should know that shoot someone by a gun will make a risk of physical harm and may even cause death, therefore Bà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s act complies with an dangerous act. Since B has commit an unlawful killing with an unlawful and dangerous act but no mens rea to murder, therefore B is liable to manslaughter.

The Laws Worthy Of Respect Essay - 2712 Words

Paper Topic 1 The law, defined as the ensemble of the norms and principles established in a community, is indispensable to the preservation of the state. Leaned on the moral and the collective consent (Rule of Law), it organizes the organization of the state’s government and the relations between people. However, the law has no effects without our obedience, which is based essentially on the authority (the capacity of the law to make us respect it) but also on our culture or our education. Indeed, even if they never read the whole codes of laws, most of people in United States of America never go to prison. Could it be challenged though? History proves us that following the rule of law blindly might leads to dreadful consequences. Such as the Eichmann’s case: â€Å"We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was ‘legal’ [†¦].† says Martin Luther King in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail. Then, are all the laws worthy of respect? What about the Nuremberg’s laws? In order to judge a law, we have to determine the morality, not to make an injustice by breaking a just one. This operation will allow us to take the right decision between the moral duty to obey the law (Socrates: â€Å"He who disobeys the law is †¦ thrice wrong†) and the moral duty to avoid the injustice (Socrates: â€Å"We must do no wrong†). Our obligations to a law of the state stop when this law doesn’t respect the obligations the state have toward us or when we do not accept the authority of a stateShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kant And The Categorical Imperative1437 Words   |  6 Pagesformulation of the categorical imperative states that one ought to only act on maxims that can be used as universal law. This formulation is based on its urgency and unity in the society. When a maxim cannot be determined a universal law, then it is morally impermissible to act upon it. 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Physics - 2280 Words

M13/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 22136507 Physics higher level PaPer 1 Monday 6 May 2013 (morning) 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES †¢ Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. †¢ Answer all the questions. †¢ For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice †¢ A clean copy of the Physics Data Booklet is required for this paper. †¢ The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks]. on the answer sheet provided. 2213-6507 18 pages  © International Baccalaureate Organization 2013 – 2 – 1. M13/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX The mass of an elephant is 104 kg. The mass of a mouse is 10–2 kg. What is the ratio mass of the elephant ? mass of the mouse A. B. C.†¦show more content†¦A standing wave of frequency f is established in air in a pipe open at one end, as shown. Which of the following is the frequency of the next highest harmonic? A. B. C. D. f 3 f 2 2f 3f 2213-6507 – 7 – M13/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 14. A sample of hydrogen on Earth emits a spectral line that is measured by an Earth observer to have wavelength 500 nm. The same spectral line is emitted by a galactic source that is moving away from Earth at speed of 0.1c. What is the wavelength of the galactic spectral line that will be measured by the Earth observer? A. B. C. D. 50 nm 450 nm 550 nm 5000 nm 15. A parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength ÃŽ » passes through a slit of width b and forms a diffraction pattern on a screen far from the slit. The angle at which the first diffraction minimum is formed is ÃŽ ¸. b ÃŽ ¸ ÃŽ ¸ screen Which of the following changes in ÃŽ » and b, carried out separately, will increase the value of ÃŽ ¸ ? ÃŽ » A. B. C. D. decrease increase decrease increase b increase increase decrease decrease 2213-6507 Turn over – 8 – M13/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 16. Two coloured point sources are observed through an optical telescope. 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